2021-12-16

Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari, Jaipur, India.; Department of Pharmacy I Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.; Department of Pharmacy I Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.; Department of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom Selangor, Malaysia.; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India.; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

One of the most remarkable results in 2019 is the reduced prevalence and death of children from coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In 2019, a worldwide pandemic impacted around 0.1 billion individuals, with over 3.5 million mortality reported in the literature. There is minimal knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infection immunological responses in kids. Studies have been focused mostly on adults and children since the course of pediatric sickness is often short. In adults, severe COVID-19 is related to an excessive inflammatory reaction. Macrophages and monocytes are well known to contribute to this systemic response, although numerous lines are indicative of the importance of neutrophils. An increased number of neutrophils and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios are early signs of SARS-CoV-2 and a worse prognosis. In this study that it is crucial to monitor PAR2 and PAR4 expression and function (since nursing children have elevated levels) and the inhibiting the normal physiology through the use of

2021-09-30

Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan Specialty Center, 2nd Floor, 3950 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan Specialty Center, 2nd Floor, 3950 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Pleasant, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Central Michigan University, Pleasant, MI, USA. Electronic address: lsivaswamy@med.wayne.edu.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the world in 2020, affecting both adults and, to a lesser extent, children. In this article, the authors describe the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 in children, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment options. The management of patients with concomitant neuroimmunologic disorders and drug interactions between medications used to treat COVID-19 and other neurologic disorders (especially immune-modifying drugs) is also discussed.CI - Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2021-07-25

Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (FG 17), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.; Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens - Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: NitscheA@rki.de.

Point of care detection of SARS-CoV-2 is one pillar in a containment strategy and important to break infection chains. Here we report the sensitive, specific and robust detection of SARS-CoV-2 and respective variants of concern by the ID NOW COVID-19 device.CI - Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

2021-06-13

Medical School, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Kommunarov Street 281, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia.; Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patra, Greece.; Medical School, Comenius University, Spitalska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia.; Medical School, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Kommunarov Street 281, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia.; Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.; Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Previous studies have shown that COVID-19 leads to thrombotic complications, which have been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Neutrophils are the largest population of white blood cells and play a pivotal role in innate immunity. During an infection, neutrophils migrate from circulation to the infection site, contributing to killing pathogens. This mechanism is regulated by chemokines such as IL-8. Moreover, it was shown that neutrophils play an important role in thromboinflammation. Through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms, neutrophils, apart from directly killing pathogens, are able to activate the formation of thrombi. In COVID-19 patients, neutrophil activation promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, platelet aggregation, and cell damage. Furthermore, neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of endothelitis. Overall, this review summarizes recent progress in research on the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting the role of the prothrombotic

2021-06-03

Military Medical Centre of the Hungarian Defence Forces, H-1134, Budapest, Róbert Károly krt. 44, Hungary; Semmelweis University - Faculty of Medicine, H-1085, Budapest, Üllői út 26., Hungary.; Military Medical Centre of the Hungarian Defence Forces, H-1134, Budapest, Róbert Károly krt. 44, Hungary; Semmelweis University - Faculty of Medicine, H-1085, Budapest, Üllői út 26., Hungary.; Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary.; Military Medical Centre of the Hungarian Defence Forces, H-1134, Budapest, Róbert Károly krt. 44, Hungary.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.; Military Medical Centre of the Hungarian Defence Forces, H-1134, Budapest, Róbert Károly krt. 44, Hungary.; Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, 80 Newak Street, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.; Military Medical Centre of the Hungarian Defence Forces, H-1134, Budapest, Róbert Károly krt. 44, Hungary; Semmelweis University - Faculty of Medicine, H-1085, Budapest, Üllői út 26., Hungary. Electronic address: lgvirology@gmail.com.

Seeing the global emergence and the lack of a definitive cure for COVID-19, it is essential to find the most sensitive and specific detection method to identify infected patients in a timely manner. Our paper aims to compare the clinical sensitivity of different commercial RT-qPCR (Genesig, 1copy, DNA-Techonolgy and Charité primer-probe sets), isothermal PCR (Ustar Isothermal Amplification-Real Time Fluorescent Assay) and immunochromatographic antigen detection (BIOCREDIT COVID-19 Ag) assays developed to use in laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. A total of 119 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from symptomatic patients. A subset of samples, positive with two RT-qPCR assays were then tested with isothermal PCR and rapid antigen tests. Of the 119 specimens, 65 were positive by at least two PCR assays. All PCR assays showed substantial or perfect match, although some variations in the clinical performance was observed. Of the 37 and 32 remnant nasopharyngeal samples positive by

2021-05-16

Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. drnuri@hotmail.com.; Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.; Haydarpasa Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.; Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.; Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.; Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.; Haydarpasa Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.; Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.; Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.; Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.; Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An effective treatment option is not yet available for SARS-CoV2, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic and whose effects are felt more and more every day. Ivermectin is among the drugs whose effectiveness in treatment has been investigated. In this study; it was aimed to investigate the presence of gene mutations that alter ivermectin metabolism and cause toxic effects in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ivermectin use in the treatment of patients without mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with severe COVID19 pneumonia were included in the study, which was planned as a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind phase 3 study. Two groups, the study group and the control group, took part in the study. Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg/day for 5 days in the form of a solution prepared for enteral use added to the reference treatment protocol -hydroxychloroquine + favipiravir + azithromycin- of patients

2021-02-03

Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, IU School of Medicine, IU Health Physicians Inpatient Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.; IU School of Medicine Transitional Residency, Indianapolis, IN.; IU Health Physicians Inpatient Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.; Witham Health Services, Lebanon, IN.; Division of Infectious Diseases, IU School of Medicine, IU Health Infection Prevention, Indianapolis, IN.; Division of Infectious Diseases, IU School of Medicine, IU Health Infection Prevention, Indianapolis, IN.; IU Health Infection Prevention, Indianapolis, IN.; Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, IU School of Medicine, IU Health Physicians Inpatient Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.; Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, IU School of Medicine, IU Health Physicians Inpatient Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.; Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, IU School of Medicine, IU Health Physicians Inpatient Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. Electronic address: akara@iuhealth.org.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of patients admitted with COVID-19 to one site in March 2020. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: survivors who did not receive mechanical ventilation (MV), survivors who received MV, and those who received MV and died during hospitalization. RESULTS: There were 140 hospitalizations; 22 deaths (mortality rate 15.7%), 83 (59%) survived and did not receive MV, 35 (25%) received MV and survived; 18 (12.9%) received MV and died. Thee mean age of each group was 57.8, 55.8 and 72.7 years, respectively (P = .0001). Of those who received MV and died, 61% were male (P = .01). More than half the patients (n = 90, 64%) were African American. First measured d-dimer >575.5 ng/mL, procalcitonin > 0.24 ng/mL, lactate dehydrogenase >445.6 units/L, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) >104.75 pg/mL had odds ratios of 10.5, 5, 4.5 and 2.9, respectively for MV (P < .05 for all). Peak BNP >

Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58104, USA.

SARS CoV-2 and its associated disease COVID-19 has devastated the world during 2020. Masks and social distancing could be efficient if done by large proportions of the population, but pandemic fatigue has decreased their efficacy. Economic shut downs come with large price tags and cannot be a long term solution either. The announcements by three vaccine manufacturers in November that their vaccines are 90% or more effective has given hope to at least those in the population who plan to get vaccinated as soon as a scientifically and medically sound vaccine becomes available. This review summarizes the underlying design strategies and current status of development of the nine vaccines that were in phase III trial on 8 November 2020. Contracts between vaccine manufacturing companies and governments aim at distributing the vaccine to a large part of the world population. Questions remain how the temperature sensitive mRNA vaccines will be transported and/or stored and how vaccination will

2021-11-14

Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cancer Immunology (Covid 19 Unit), Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, 1003, Lebanon.; Research Department, Beirut Cardiac Institute, Old Airport Road, Beirut, Lebanon.; Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. panguewa@unav.es.; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cancer Immunology (Covid 19 Unit), Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, 1003, Lebanon. kassem.hamze@ul.edu.lb.

BACKGROUND: The new SARS-CoV-2 variant VOC (202012/01), identified recently in the United Kingdom (UK), exhibits a higher transmissibility rate compared to other variants, and a reproductive number 0.4 higher. In the UK, scientists were able to identify the increase of this new variant through the rise of false negative results for the spike (S) target using a three-target RT-PCR assay (TaqPath kit). METHODS: To control and study the current coronavirus pandemic, it is important to develop a rapid and low-cost molecular test to identify the aforementioned variant. In this work, we designed primer sets specific to the VOC (202012/01) to be used by SYBR Green-based RT-PCR. These primers were specifically designed to confirm the deletion mutations Δ69/Δ70 in the spike and the Δ106/Δ107/Δ108 in the NSP6 gene. We studied 20 samples from positive patients, detected by using the Applied Biosystems TaqPath RT-PCR COVID-19 kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) that included the ORF1ab

Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110054, India.; Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu P.O.BOX 1524, Nepal.; Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Missouri Healthcare, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.; Department of Neurology, Berkeley Medical Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Meditrina Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440012, India.; Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

We performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging, predominantly focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We screened articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, looking for reports that would potentially have neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19. Data analysis was performed with patient-based data based on the availability of clinical characteristics and outcomes for each individual patient from the studies. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to report COVID-19 severity and outcomes based on neurological imaging indicators and pathophysiology. A total of 171 patients with COVID-19 having neurological complications, from 134 studies, were identified in our review. The most common neuroimaging finding was ischemic stroke (62, 36.2%) cases, followed by CNS inflammatory disorder (44, 25.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (41, 24.0%). Around 51% of all the