2021-10-10

Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey and Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Ankara Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Ankara Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Intensive Unit, Ministry of Health, İstanbul Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat and Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Selçuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.; Anesthesiology Intensive Care Unit, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Düzce University School of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, İzmir Suat Seren Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Selçuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Düzce University School of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey.; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Selçuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.; Anesthesiology Intensive Care Unit, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, İzmir Suat Seren Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey and Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey and Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.; Intensive Unit, Ministry of Health, İstanbul Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.; Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat and Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.; Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. AIMS: To determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically ill patients in Turkish intensive care units (ICUs), with respiratory failure. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, observational cohort. METHODS: Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and who had been followed up in the ICUs with respiratory failure for more than 24 hours were included in the study. Their demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, treatment protocols, and survival data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 421 patients were included. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. The 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. The factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (HR 4.09 [95% CI: [2.20-7.63], P < .001), lactate level >2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01], P < .001), age ≥60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)], P < .001

2021-05-31

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: kokturk.nurdan@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: cbabayigit@gmail.com.; Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. Electronic address: sevalkul@gantep.edu.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: pelindurucetinkaya@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. Electronic address: atissibel@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey. Electronic address: serapargun2002@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Halil Sıvgın Cubuk State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: oguzkarcioglu@gmail.com.; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: pinar_aysert@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ilimirmak@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: aycnakbas@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Disease, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: yoncahacioglu@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: oyabaydarr@yahoo.com.tr.; Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli Turkey. Electronic address: emelazak@mynet.com.; Department of Pulmonary Disease, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: saitmoglu@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Altunizade Acibadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: caglar.cuhadaroglu@acibadem.com.tr.; Department of Infectious Disease, Kadikoy Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: demirelaslihan@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: bjkerget1903@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: burcubaran@hotmail.com.; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: sozger@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maslak Acibadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Operating Room Services Department, Nisantasi University, Vocational School, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: gulcihanozkan@gmail.com.; Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address: dr.zeynepture@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: begumergan@hotmail.com.; Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: vildan.oguz@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: oguz.kilinc@deu.edu.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey. Electronic address: evrem-33@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: tansu.ciftci@gazi.edu.tr.; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Turkiye Gazetesi Private Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: oalici@gmail.com.; Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. Electronic address: dresratemel@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey. Electronic address: dr.ozlemozturk@outlook.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kestel State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Electronic address: asenaarisoy@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kestel State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Electronic address: dilekbahcetepe@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, On Dokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: tahagullu@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. Electronic address: fusunfakili@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. Electronic address: fgndeveci@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bilecik Training and Research Hospital, Bilecik, Turkey. Electronic address: neslihankose.nks@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey. Electronic address: meltemtor@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Health Science, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: gunluoglu76@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Health Science, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: draltinsedat@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. Electronic address: teyfikt@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, On Dokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: tibeltuna@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. Electronic address: dronderozturk@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taksim, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: dikensoy@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey. Electronic address: pinaryildiz691@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey. Electronic address: ilknur.basyigit@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey. Electronic address: haboyaci@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ikoguzulgen@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Disease, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: serminborekci@yahoo.com.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Disease, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: bilung@gmail.com.; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: firat.bayraktar@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kadikoy Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: osmanelbek@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: ismailhnt@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Altunizade Acibadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: hacerkuzu@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Altunizade Acibadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: gulserensagcan@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, On Dokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: oguzuzun67@yahoo.com.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: akgunm@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey. Electronic address: gaergur@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ankara Memorial Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: bernatoraks@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. Electronic address: ebruckr@yahoo.com.; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: egulhan@rocketmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Baskent University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: fusuneyuboglu@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. Electronic address: o.gultekin@hotmail.com.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. Electronic address: dyhavlucu@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ankara Memorial Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: metin58@yahoo.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. Electronic address: aysins@hotmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: abdullah.sayiner@ege.edu.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: fuattoraks@gmail.com.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: oya.itil@deu.edu.tr.; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: habayram@ku.edu.tr.

The COVID-19-related death rate varies between countries and is affected by various risk factors. This multicenter registry study was designed to evaluate the mortality rate and the related risk factors in Turkey. We retrospectively evaluated 1500 adults with COVID-19 from 26 centers who were hospitalized between March 11 and July 31, 2020. In the study group, 1041 and 459 cases were diagnosed as definite and highly probable cases, respectively. There were 993 PCR-positive cases (66.2%). Among all cases, 1144 (76.3%) were diagnosed with non-severe pneumonia, whereas 212 (14.1%) had severe pneumonia. Death occurred in 67 patients, corresponding to a mortality rate of 4.5% (95% CI:3.5-5.6). The univariate analysis demonstrated that various factors, including male sex, age ≥65 years and the presence of dyspnea or confusion, malignity, chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, immunosuppressive conditions, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, and sepsis, were