2021-02-14

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Email: 05849@tongji.edu.cn.; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Email: yuli0219@sina.com.

The whole world is battling through coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is a fatal pandemic. In the early 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a global health emergency without definitive treatments and preventive approaches. In the absence of definitive therapeutic agents, this thorough review summarizes and outlines the potency and safety of all molecules and therapeutics which may have potential antiviral effects. A number of molecules and therapeutics licensed or being tested for some other conditions were found effective in different in vitro studies as well as in many small sample-sized clinical trials and independent case studies. However, in those clinical trials, there were some limitations which need to be overcome to find the most promising antiviral against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In conclusion, many of above-mentioned antivirals seems to have some therapeutic effects but none of them have been shown to have a

2020-04-01

grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XWestern Ecology Research Center, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XWestern Ecology Research Center, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XWestern Ecology Research Center, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China

Endemic fluorosis is widespread in China, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China, where endemic fluorosis caused by consumption of drinking water high in fluorine content is very common. We analyzed data on endemic fluorosis collected in Ningxia, a typical high-fluorine area in the north of China. Fluorosis cases were identified in 539 villages in 1981, in 4449 villages in 2010, and in 3269 villages in 2017. These were located in 19 administrative counties. In 2017, a total of 1.07 million individuals suffered from fluorosis in Ningxia, with more children suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Among Qingshuihe River basin disease areas, the high incidence of endemic fluorosis is in Yuanzhou District and Xiji County of Guyuan City. The paper holds that the genesis of the high incidence of endemic fluorosis in Qingshui River basin is mainly caused by chemical weathering, evaporation and

2020-04-01

grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XWestern Ecology Research Center, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XResource and Environment Department, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XWestern Ecology Research Center, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China grid.260987.20000 0001 2181 583XWestern Ecology Research Center, Ningxia; University, Yinchun, 750021 China

Endemic fluorosis is widespread in China, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China, where endemic fluorosis caused by consumption of drinking water high in fluorine content is very common. We analyzed data on endemic fluorosis collected in Ningxia, a typical high-fluorine area in the north of China. Fluorosis cases were identified in 539 villages in 1981, in 4449 villages in 2010, and in 3269 villages in 2017. These were located in 19 administrative counties. In 2017, a total of 1.07 million individuals suffered from fluorosis in Ningxia, with more children suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Among Qingshuihe River basin disease areas, the high incidence of endemic fluorosis is in Yuanzhou District and Xiji County of Guyuan City. The paper holds that the genesis of the high incidence of endemic fluorosis in Qingshui River basin is mainly caused by chemical weathering, evaporation and

Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110010, India.; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.; B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad 380016, India.; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.; Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

BACKGROUND: The data on neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients has been rapidly increasing throughout the pandemic. However, data on CNS and PNS inflammatory disorders in COVID-19 with respect to CSF, serum and neuroimaging markers is still lacking. METHODS: We screened all articles resulting from a search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, using the keywords "SARS-CoV-2 and neurological complication", "SARS-CoV-2 and CNS Complication" and "SARS-CoV-2 and PNS Complication" looking for transverse myelitis, vasculitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis (AHNE), cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), published between 1 December 2019 to 15 July 2021. RESULTS: Of the included 106 CNS manifestations in our study, CNS inflammatory disorders included transverse myelitis (17, 14.7%), AHNE (12, 10.4%), ADEM (11, 9.5%), CLOCC/MERS (10, 8.6%) and vasculitis (4, 3.4%). Others were nonspecific

2021-11-03

Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. Shitiz.sriwastava@hsc.wvu.edu.; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA. Shitiz.sriwastava@hsc.wvu.edu.; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. Shitiz.sriwastava@hsc.wvu.edu.; Deaprtment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; Department of Neurology, Berkeley Medical Center, West Virginia University, Martinsburg, WV, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.; Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

BACKGROUND: The literature on neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients has been rapidly increasing with the pandemic. However, data on CNS inflammatory disorders in COVID-19 are still evolving. We performed a literature review of CNS inflammatory disorders associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We screened all articles resulting from a search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, using the keywords; "SARS-CoV-2 and neurological complication", "SARS-CoV-2 and CNS Complication" looking for reports of transverse myelitis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, neuromyelitis optica, myelitis, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disorder (MOGAD), Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis/Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (AHNE/AHLE), Cytotoxic lesion of the Corpus Callosum/Mild Encephalopathy Reversible Splenium Lesion(CLOCC/MERS) and Optic neuritis published between December 01, 2019 and March

Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110054, India.; Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu P.O.BOX 1524, Nepal.; Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India.; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Missouri Healthcare, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.; Department of Neurology, Berkeley Medical Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Meditrina Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440012, India.; Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

We performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging, predominantly focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We screened articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, looking for reports that would potentially have neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19. Data analysis was performed with patient-based data based on the availability of clinical characteristics and outcomes for each individual patient from the studies. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to report COVID-19 severity and outcomes based on neurological imaging indicators and pathophysiology. A total of 171 patients with COVID-19 having neurological complications, from 134 studies, were identified in our review. The most common neuroimaging finding was ischemic stroke (62, 36.2%) cases, followed by CNS inflammatory disorder (44, 25.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (41, 24.0%). Around 51% of all the

2021-10-05

Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.; Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Computer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.; Department of Medical Administration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China.

The 1-year mortality and health consequences of COVID-19 in cancer patients are relatively underexplored. In this multicenter cohort study, 166 COVID-19 patients with cancer were compared with 498 non-cancer COVID-19 patients and 498 non-COVID cancer patients. The 1-year all-cause mortality and hospital mortality rates in Cancer COVID-19 Cohort (30% and 20%) were significantly higher than those in COVID-19 Cohort (9% and 8%, both P < .001) and Cancer Cohort (16% and 2%, both P < 0.001). The 12-month all-cause post-discharge mortality rate in survival discharged Cancer COVID-19 Cohort (8%) was higher than that in COVID-19 Cohort (0.4%, P < .001) but similar to that in Cancer Cohort (15%, P = .084). The incidence of sequelae in Cancer COVID-19 Cohort (23%, 26/114) is similar to that in COVID-19 Cohort (30%, 130/432, P = .13). The 1-year all-cause mortality was high among patients with hematologic malignancies (59%), followed by those who have nasopharyngeal, brain, and skin tumors (45%