Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana, USA.; Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), our understanding regarding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of this disease have been improving. However, we still have limited data on long-term effects and lingering symptoms of post COVID-19 recovery. Despite predilection of COVID-19 for lungs, multiple extra-pulmonary manifestations appear in multiple organs and biological systems and with continued infection and recovery worldwide. It is necessary that clinicians provide patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with expectations of long-term effects during or after recovery from COVID-19. Herein, we review the long-term impact of COVID-19 on different organ systems reported from different clinical studies. Understanding risk factors and signs and symptoms of long-term consequences after recovery from COVID-19 will allow for proper follow-up and management of the disease post recovery.CI

2021-09-30

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.; Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran.; Department of Radiology, Hashemi Rafsanjani Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Shirvan, Iran.; Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.; John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

In a large-scale study, 128176 non-pregnant patients (228 studies) and 10000 pregnant patients (121 studies) confirmed COVID-19 cases included in this Meta-Analysis. The mean (confidence interval [CI]) of age and gestational age of admission (GA) in pregnant women was 33 (28-37) years old and 36 (34-37) weeks, respectively. Pregnant women show the same manifestations of COVID-19 as non-pregnant adult patients. Fever (pregnant: 75.5%; non-pregnant: 74%) and cough (pregnant: 48.5%; non-pregnant: 53.5%) are the most common symptoms in both groups followed by myalgia (26.5%) and chill (25%) in pregnant and dysgeusia (27%) and fatigue (26.5%) in non-pregnant patients. Pregnant women are less probable to show cough (odds ratio [OR] 0.7; 95% CI 0.67-0.75), fatigue (OR: 0.58; CI: 0.54-0.61), sore throat (OR: 0.66; CI: 0.61-0.7), headache (OR: 0.55; CI: 0.55-0.58) and diarrhea (OR: 0.46; CI: 0.4-0.51) than non-pregnant adult patients. The most common imaging found in pregnant women is

2021-04-12

Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.; Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.; DME Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. mailzhangyong@126.com.; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. zhangliming@bjcyh.com.; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China. liuzhengwen113@xjtu.edu.cn.

BACKGROUND: Risk scores are needed to predict the risk of death in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the context of rapid disease progression. METHODS: Using data from China (training dataset, n = 96), prediction models were developed by logistic regression and then risk scores were established. Leave-one-out cross validation was used for internal validation and data from Iran (test dataset, n = 43) was used for external validation. RESULTS: A NSL model (area under the curve (AUC) 0.932) and a NL model (AUC 0.903) were developed based on neutrophil percentage and lactate dehydrogenase with and without oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) using the training dataset. AUCs of the NSL and NL models in the test dataset were 0.910 and 0.871, respectively. The risk scoring systems corresponding to these two models were established. The AUCs of the NSL and NL scores in the training dataset were 0.928 and 0.901, respectively. At the optimal cut-off value of NSL score, the