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2020-02-24

grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China

2020-02-24

grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial; Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000 China

2021-11-28

Department of Medicine and.; Department of Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Medicine and.; Department of Medicine and.; Department of Medicine and.; Department of Medicine and.; Department of Medicine and.

BACKGROUNDInfluenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 are pandemic viruses causing millions of deaths, yet their clinical manifestations are distinctly different.METHODSWith the hypothesis that upper airway immune and epithelial cell responses are also distinct, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) on nasal wash cells freshly collected from adults with either acute COVID-19 or influenza or from healthy controls. We focused on major cell types and subtypes in a subset of donor samples.ResultsNasal wash cells were enriched for macrophages and neutrophils for both individuals with influenza and those with COVID-19 compared with healthy controls. Hillock-like epithelial cells, M2-like macrophages, and age-dependent B cells were enriched in COVID-19 samples. A global decrease in IFN-associated transcripts in neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells was apparent in COVID-19 samples compared with influenza samples. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to be

2021-02-28

Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei, China.; Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei, China.; Township government of Shanpo, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, China.; Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei, China.; Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei, China.; Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei, China.

2021-06-23

We analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. Most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. By postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus.

2021-02-17

JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. zhaoshi.cmsa@gmail.com.; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. zhaoshi.cmsa@gmail.com.; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.; Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.; Department of Mathematics, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. jinjunr@sjtu.edu.cn.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.; School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.; Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. daihai.he@polyu.edu.hk.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.

BACKGROUND: In infectious disease transmission dynamics, the high heterogeneity in individual infectiousness indicates that few index cases generate large numbers of secondary cases, which is commonly known as superspreading events. The heterogeneity in transmission can be measured by describing the distribution of the number of secondary cases as a negative binomial (NB) distribution with dispersion parameter, k. However, such inference framework usually neglects the under-ascertainment of sporadic cases, which are those without known epidemiological link and considered as independent clusters of size one, and this may potentially bias the estimates. METHODS: In this study, we adopt a zero-truncated likelihood-based framework to estimate k. We evaluate the estimation performance by using stochastic simulations, and compare it with the baseline non-truncated version. We exemplify the analytical framework with three contact tracing datasets of COVID-19. RESULTS: We demonstrate that the

Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: Cardiac injury is detected in numerous patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been demonstrated to be closely related to poor outcomes. However, an optimal cardiac biomarker for predicting COVID-19 prognosis has not been identified. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for published articles between December 1, 2019 and September 8, 2021. Eligible studies that examined the anomalies of different cardiac biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 were included. The prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were extracted. Summary estimates and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained through meta-analyses. Results: A total of 63 studies, with 64,319 patients with COVID-19, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin (Mb) in the general population with COVID-19 was 22.9 (19-27%) and 13.5% (10.6-16.4%), respectively. However, the presence of elevated Mb

2021-11-21

Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

digital tracing methods to complement current conventional testing and tracing. To minimize the risk of cluster transmissions from unlinked cases, digital tracing approaches should be effectively applied in high-risk socioeconomic settings, and risk assessments should be conducted to review and adjust the policies.CI - ©Ka Chun Chong, Katherine Jia, Shui Shan Lee, Chi Tim Hung, Ngai Sze Wong, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Nancy Chau, Carrie Ho Kwan Yam, Tsz Yu Chow, Yuchen Wei, Zihao Guo, Eng Kiong Yeoh. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 16.11.2021.

2021-10-19

Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA. drsunchenyu@yeah.net.; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public, Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public, Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.; Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.; Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

BACKGROUND: Famotidine was reported to potentially provide benefits to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, it remains controversial whether it is effective in treating COVID-19. AIMS: This study aimed to explore whether famotidine use is associated with reduced risk of the severity, death, and intubation for COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This study was registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42020213536). A comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant studies up to October 2020. I-squared statistic and Q-test were utilized to assess the heterogeneity. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated through the random effects or fixed effects model according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment were also conducted. RESULTS: Five studies including 36,635 subjects were included. We found that famotidine use was associated with a

2021-09-08

JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: zhaoshi.cmsa@gmail.com.; School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China. Electronic address: zhaoyu@nxmu.edu.cn.; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Electronic address: btang66@yorku.ca.; Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: dzgao@shnu.edu.cn.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: marc@cuhk.edu.hk.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: marc@cuhk.edu.hk.; Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mathematics, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria. Electronic address: salihu-sabiu.musa@connect.polyu.hk.; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China. Electronic address: yonglicai@hytc.edu.cn.; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China. Electronic address: weimingwang2003@163.com.; Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: daihai.he@polyu.edu.hk.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: maggiew@cuhk.edu.hk.

One of the key epidemiological characteristics that shape the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the serial interval (SI). Although SI is commonly considered following a probability distribution at a population scale, recent studies reported a slight shrinkage (or contraction) of the mean of effective SI across transmission generations or over time. Here, we develop a likelihood-based statistical inference framework with truncation to explore the change in SI across transmission generations after adjusting the impacts of case isolation. The COVID-19 contact tracing surveillance data in Hong Kong are used for exemplification. We find that for COVID-19, the mean of individual SI is likely to shrink with a factor at 0.72 per generation (95%CI: 0.54, 0.96) as the transmission generation increases, where a threshold may exist as the lower boundary of this shrinking process. We speculate that one of the probable explanations for the shrinkage in SI might be an outcome